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Narmer - Founder of the First Dynasty of a Unified Egypt.
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Narmer - Founder of the First Dynasty of a Unified EgyptNarmer was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled in the 32nd century BC. The successor of Serket, he is considered by some to be the founder of the First dynasty. |
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The famous Narmer Palette, discovered in 1898 in Hierakonpolis, shows Narmer displaying the insignia of both Upper and Lower Egypt, giving rise to the theory that he unified the two kingdoms.
Traditionally, Menes has beencredited with that unification, and he is listed as being the first pharaoh in Manetho's list of kings, so this find has caused some controversy.
Some Egyptologists hold that Menes and Narmer are in fact the same person; some hold that Menes inherited an already-unified Egypt from Narmer; others hold that Narmer began the process of unification but either did not succeed or succeeded only partially, leaving it to Menes to complete. Another equally plausible theory is that Narmer was an immediate successor to the king who did manage to unify Egypt(perhaps the King Scorpion who name was found on a macehead also discovered in Hierakonpolis), and adopted symbols of unification that had already been in use perhaps for a generation.
It should be noted that while there is extensive physical evidence of there being a pharaoh named Narmer, so far there is no evidence other than Manetho's list and from legend for a pharaoh called Menes.
His wife is thought to have been Neithhotep, a princess of northern Egypt. Inscriptions bearing her name were found in tombs belonging to Narmer's immediate successors Hor-Aha and Djer, implying either that she was the mother or wife of Hor-Aha.
Narmer's tomb is thought to have been comprised of two joined chambers (B17 and B18) found in the Umm el Ga'ab region of Abydos.
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